After independence in 1975 Mozambique was drawn into the struggle against white rule in Rhodesia and South Africa.

The rebel movement Renamo was created by Rhodesia to counter black nationalist guerrillas fighting for Rhodesian independence.

OVERVIEW

When Rhodesia became independent as Zimbabwe in 1980, the rebels were used by South Africa's military intelligence to coerce Mozambique into expelling exiled South African dissidents and to show the world that black rule did not necessarily mean stability.

Between 1977 and 1992 up to a million Mozambicans died from fighting and famine in a war that ruined the economy and much of the countryside. The country has been left with a legacy of landmines and amputees.

A political settlement in 1992 was followed by stability and rapid economic growth for one of the world's poorest countries. However, it suffered serious setbacks when in 2000 and 2001 it was hit by floods which affected about a quarter of the population and destroyed much of its infrastructure.

In 2002, a severe drought hit many central and southern parts of the country, including previously flood-stricken areas. Poverty remains widespread, with more than 50% of Mozambicans living on less than $1 a day.

FACTS

• Population: 19.5 million (UN, 2005)
• Capital: Maputo
• Area: 812,379 sq km (313,661 sq miles)
• Major languages: Portuguese (official), Makua-Lomwe, Tsonga, Shona, Swahili
• Major religions: Indiginous beliefs, Islam, Christianity
• Life expectancy: 41 years (men), 43 years (women) (UN)
• Monetary unit: 1 metical (plural meticais) = 100 centavos
• Main exports: Seafood, cotton
• GNI per capita: US $210 (World Bank, 2005)
• Internet domain: .mz
• International dialling code: +258

LEADERS

President: Armando Guebuza

Armando Guebuza won nearly 64% of the December 2004 vote

Armando Guebuza, from the ruling Frelimo party, succeeded Mozambique's long-time leader Joaquim Chissano in February 2005.

The main opposition party, Renamo, disputed the outcome of the presidential poll and alleged that the election had been rigged. Monitors said irregularities were probably not sufficient to have changed the outcome.

Mr Guebuza, a wealthy businessman, has said he will continue the economic reforms started by his predecessor. On taking office he promised to fight corruption, bureaucracy and poverty.

Armando Guebuza joined Frelimo's armed wing and played a leading role in Mozambique's struggle for independence. As a former interior minister in 1975 he ordered the expulsion of Portuguese citizens from the country.

His predecessor, Joaquim Chissano, became president in 1986 after the death of founding president, Samora Machel. Mr Chissano oversaw a move away from Marxism and the introduction of a multi-party constitution.